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- WORLD, Page 46BRITAINTrimming Around the Edges
-
-
- Major kills Thatcher's poll tax and changes the tone of policy,
- but her philosophy goes marching on
-
- By GEORGE J. CHURCH -- By Anne Constable and William
- Mader/London
-
-
- "I see a tendency to try to undermine what I achieved and
- to go back to more powers for government."
-
- -- Margaret Thatcher, March 8, 1991
-
-
- Margaret Thatcher never minced words during her 11 1/2 years
- as British Prime Minister, and will not do so now. But she
- exaggerates the changes her country's Conservative government
- has set in train since an intraparty revolt four months ago
- replaced her with her Chancellor of the Exchequer, John Major.
-
- During her tenure, Thatcher effected changes in British life
- that are now probably beyond anybody's power, or even wish, to
- undermine; not even the Labourites, for example, would want to
- restore the stranglehold that unions exercised on the
- pre-Thatcher economy. Nor has Major shown much philosophical
- deviation from Thatcherism: the impulse to rely on private
- enterprise rather than government still rules.
-
- But there are differences that go beyond the contrast
- between Major's low-key amiability and Thatcher's imperious
- hectoring. Less ideological and less combative than Thatcher,
- Major also is far more ready to dump a policy that is going
- wrong. He proved it last week by washing his hands of
- Thatcher's widely hated poll tax.
-
- The levy, introduced over the past two years, replaced
- property taxes as a source of funding for local government. It
- was intended to make high-spending local councils, mostly
- Labour-controlled, accountable to the public by ensuring that
- every adult, not just property owners, paid directly for local
- services. But the tax bore no relation to ability to pay;
- within a locality every adult was charged the same amount,
- although millions of poor people got rebates. Resentment boiled
- over into a major riot in Trafalgar Square.
-
- The 1991-92 budget presented last week by Chancellor of the
- Exchequer Norman Lamont -- inevitably dubbed Stormin' Norman
- by the press -- calls for an immediate cut in the poll tax of
- $250 a person, an average of 36%. That is to be offset by an
- increase in the value-added tax, a kind of super sales tax,
- from 15% to 17.5%. Environment Secretary Michael Heseltine
- later announced that the poll tax would be scrapped entirely
- by 1993, but talked only vaguely about what might replace it.
-
- The budget restricted tax breaks on mortgage interest paid
- by higher-salaried home buyers. Thatcher had opposed any
- measures that would discourage home ownership. It stepped up
- an already scheduled increase in the benefit paid weekly to
- mothers for each child; the new level will be $16.56 for the
- eldest child, $13.43 for younger ones. By contrast the budget
- imposed new levies on executives who receive "in-kind" benefits
- such as the use of company cars and mobile telephones; private
- car phones provided by employers will be taxed $356 a year.
- These measures hardly add up to a change in direction, but they
- do mark a shift in the tone of policy toward more generosity
- to the underprivileged and less to the well-off.
-
- Major has also changed the tone of some British foreign
- policies. Like Thatcher he opposes any further political
- integration of the 12-nation European Community, but he does
- not share her aversion to greater economic unity. He said in
- a recent speech that Britain's "rightful place" was "at the
- very heart of Europe," a remark no one could imagine Thatcher
- making.
-
- Many political analysts now think Major might call a general
- election in June before the glow of victory in the gulf is
- dimmed by Britain's recession. Inflation is coming down, and
- as price increases ebb, Major is reducing interest rates; last
- week's budget called for a further 2-point cut, to 13%.
- Businessmen, however, are unsure whether that is enough to
- produce an expected upswing by fall. Even if it does,
- unemployment, at a two-year high of 7% of the labor force, is
- expected to keep rising, perhaps to as much as 9% by the end of
- 1991.
-
- Since Major took over, the Tories have pulled from a deep
- deficit in the opinion polls to a 4-point lead over Labour.
- Even if Major wins, however, he would remain under the eye of
- a formidable presence. Thatcher has been grumbling lately that
- she was unseated as a result of a plot, a suspicion for which
- others can find no evidence. Last week she became president of
- a new group, Conservative Way Forward, dedicated to pushing
- Thatcherite policies; it will blow the whistle on any
- backsliding. Even out of power, this lady is not for turning.
-
-
- ____________________________________________________________
- TRIMMING AROUND THE EDGES
-
- 1987 Current
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- Gross Domestic Product 4.3% -2% (1991
- estimate)
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- Inflation 4.2% 8.9%
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- Unemployment 10.6% 7%
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- Interest rates 9.7% 12.5%
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